Ukuvikela Umhlaba Wakho Wedijithali - Ilayisense Yesoftware Nomhlahlandlela Wokuqalisa

Amabhizinisi amaningi ekhulwini lama-21 asebenzisa isofthiwe yesimanje noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ukwenza umsebenzi wawo ube lula. Benza lula ikhono labo lokuphatha ukusebenza kwenkampani nokuxhumana namaqembu noma amaklayenti ngendlela ehlelekile neyongayo.

Njengomnikazi webhizinisi, ungasebenzisa futhi izixazululo ze-premium ukuze uqinisekise izinsiza ezikhulayo nokuphepha. Kuyadingeka ukuthola ukugunyazwa ngaphambi kokulanda, ukufaka noma ukuthuthukisa isoftware ekhokhelwayo. Kulapho ilayisensi yesofthiwe idingeka khona.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamalayisensi esofthiwe emakethe. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko, sizoqonda incazelo yamalayisensi esofthiwe, izinhlobo zawo, ukubaluleka kwawo kanye nendlela abangayivikela ngayo impahla yedijithali yenkampani kuzigebengu ze-inthanethi.

Ake siqale.

Iyini ilayisensi yesofthiwe?

Ilayisensi yesofthiwe yinkontileka ephoqelelwe ngokusemthethweni ecacisa ukusetshenziswa nokusabalalisa imingcele yesofthiwe. Imanuwali isungula amalungelo abasebenzisi futhi iqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho ye-copyright yabo bobabili abathuthukisi be-software nabasebenzisi.

Lo mbhalo uchaza izimvume ezinembile ezinikezwa abasebenzisi, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lwabo akwephuli amalungelo okushicilela. Iphinde ichaze izindima zomuntu ngamunye futhi inikeze iziyalezo ezinembile zokusetshenziswa kahle kohlelo.

Ilayisense yesofthiwe iqukethe imigomo nemibandela ekhuluma ngezihloko ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa iziqinisekiso, ukuzihlangula, ukusetshenziswa okuvunyelwe, nemikhawulo yesikweletu. Lona umhlahlandlela onemininingwane owazisa onjiniyela nabasebenzisi ukuthi yini abangayenza nabangakwazi ukuyenza ngohlelo. Ngokuvumelana ne umbiko, imakethe yamalayisensi esofthiwe izokhula kakhulu futhi idlule ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5 ngo-2030.

5 Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokuthola Ilayisensi Yesofthiwe

Ukubaluleka kokulayisensa kwesofthiwe kungaqondwa ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

Ukuvikelwa kwezomthetho - Wonke amalayisensi e-software acacisa imibandela nemikhawulo yokusebenzisa uhlelo, kanye namalungelo nezibopho zabasebenzisi nabathuthukisi. Bavimbela ukusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokuguqulwa kohlelo ngenkathi bevikela amalungelo empahla yobuhlakani bombhali.
Iwaranti kanye nesikweletu - Ukuzihlangula kwewaranti kanye nemikhawulo yesikweletu kuvamile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamalayisensi esofthiwe. Ngokusobala, abonisa ukuthi uhlelo luhlinzekwa “njengoba lunjalo” nokuthi umdali akanakuthweswa icala nganoma yimuphi umonakalo ohlobene nokusetshenziswa kwalo.
Ukuthobelana nokuziphendulela - Abasebenzisi nezinhlangano bangaqinisekisa ukuthi bathobela umthetho nezindinganiso zokuziphatha ngokulandela imigomo yelayisensi yesofthiwe. Lokhu kubanika amandla futhi kubasize bagweme izinkinga zomthetho ezivela ekusetshenzisweni okungagunyaziwe noma ukusatshalaliswa kwesofthiwe.
Ukonga isikhathi eside - Amalayisense okuthenga anezindleko zangaphambili. Kodwa-ke, kuvame ukonga imali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngoba igwema ukubhekana nemiphumela engokomthetho, ukutholwa kobungozi bokuphepha, noma ukungazinzi kwesoftware okungase kwehlise umkhiqizo.
Inqubo yosizo - Isofthiwe enelayisensi ngokuvamile iza nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nesevisi yamakhasimende, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula nokuxazulula izinkinga. Ukusebenza kahle kungakhuphuka kakhulu.

Ukulayisensa kwesoftware kunobudlelwano obuqondile nezinkampani zesoftware nabasebenzisi. Manje ake sibone ukuthi ilayisense yesofthiwe ibavikela kanjani bobabili unjiniyela kanye nomsebenzisi.

Ukuvikelwa Konjiniyela

Ngokusekelwe emithethweni ye-copyright, ivikela izimfihlo zohwebo zonjiniyela kanye nempahla yobuhlakani.
Bakhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwekhodi yesofthiwe ehlanganisiwe ngabantu besithathu.
Bakhawulela isikweletu somthengisi.

Ukuvikelwa komsebenzisi

Bacacisa ukusetshenziswa kwekhodi yesofthiwe abasebenzisi abangavunyelwe ukuyidala.
Bacacisa ukuthi abasebenzisi kufanele bathobele kanjani izivumelwano zelayisensi yesofthiwe, bazivikele ezinsolweni zokwephula, futhi banciphise isibopho sabo sezomthetho.
Basiza abasebenzisi ukuthi balondoloze ubudlelwano obuhle nabathengisi besoftware nabathuthukisi.
Lokhu bakwenza ngokuchaza inombolo enembile yamalayisensi inhlangano ewadingayo, okusiza ukugwema ukukhokha ngokweqile.

Ukuqonda Izinhlobo Zelayisensi Yesofthiwe

Kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zamalayisensi esofthiwe. Ake siqonde ngamunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe.

Isizinda esisesidlangalaleni
Umthombo ovulekile
umnikazi

1. Ilayisensi Yesizinda Somphakathi

Uhlobo lwelayisensi yesizinda somphakathi luyisibonelo senkululeko embonini yesofthiwe. Isoftware esesizindeni somphakathi empeleni ayinayo imikhawulo ye-copyright.

Kunamasu amaningana okuthola lesi simo:

Amalungelo okushicilela aphelelwe yisikhathi – I-Software ebinamalungelo obunikazi ngaphambilini ingase igcine idlule isikhathi sayo sokuvikela, esihluka ngokuya ngendawo ethile. Uma lesi sikhathi sokuvikela siphela, uhlelo lungena esizindeni somphakathi futhi lungasetshenziswa, lulungiswe futhi lusatshalaliswe ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa yinoma ubani.
Ukungafanelekile ukuvikelwa kwe-copyright - Enye isofthiwe ingase ingafaneleki ukuvikelwa kwe-copyright ngenxa yemvelo yayo. Isibonelo, okuqukethwe okungahlangabezani nezinga lokudalwa komthetho we-copyright noma okungekona okwangempela akukwazi ukuvikeleka. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekuqaleni, le misebenzi ibhekwa njengesizinda somphakathi.
Ukuzinikela ngamabomu - Umdali angadlulisela indalo yakhe endaweni yomphakathi ngokuyeka amalungelo avikelwe yi-copyright. Enye indlela yokufeza lokhu ukusebenzisa ilayisensi ye-Creative Commons Zero (CC0) eyeka konke ukuvikelwa kwe-copyright futhi evumela ukusetshenziswa okungakhawulelwe, ukuguqulwa, nokusabalalisa.

Ukungabikho kwemikhawulo ye-copyright kunikeza abasebenzisi amandla angenakuqhathaniswa:

Ilungelo lokushintsha
Inkululeko yokwabelana nokusabalalisa
Ukuxhashazwa kwezohwebo

Isofthiwe yesizinda somphakathi iphromotha ukusungula nokusebenzisana ngokuhlinzeka ngendawo evumayo ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe kanye nemibuzo yokudala ngaphandle kwemikhawulo evamile ebekwe imithetho ye-copyright.

2. Ilayisensi yomthombo ovulekile

Ilayisensi yomthombo ovulekile ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babuke, balungise futhi babelane ngekhodi yomthombo yohlelo lokusebenza ngaphandle kokudinga imvume ecacile evela kumdali. Kodwa-ke, beza nemikhawulo ethile nemithethonqubo, ephikisa inganekwane yokuthi umthombo ovulekile usho ukusetshenziswa okungenamkhawulo.

Amalayisense esofthiwe yamahhala awanqunyelwe, nakuba ungakwazi ukushintsha ikhodi. Zincike ekuthotshelweni kwemibandela ebekwe ngumdali wangempela wesofthiwe, ongumnikazi we-copyright. Abasebenzisi kudingeka ngokomthetho ukuthi bathobele imigomo ecaciswe kulayisensi ethile yesofthiwe yamahhala exhunywe nohlelo.

Ukwephulwa kwale mikhawulo yelayisensi kungase kubangele izinhlawulo ezinzima, okuhlanganisa amathuba ezinhlawulo zezezimali ezibalulekile ekuqulweni kwecala. Izinkampani eziziba noma ezephula lezi zivumelwano zibhekana nezindleko zomthetho ezibizayo, ezingase zibangele umonakalo obiza izigidi.

Kunamalayisense amaningana esofthiwe yamahhala, ngalinye linezici ezingokomthetho ezihlukile.

Izinhlobo zamalayisensi amahhala

Amalayisense avumelekile

Njengamalayisense esizinda somphakathi, amalayisensi amahhala avunyelwe angase abe nemikhawulo eyengeziwe yokuthi uhlelo lulungiswa kanjani noma lusatshalaliswe kanjani ngemva kokuthenga. Abadali bohlelo bangagcina ubunikazi bempahla yabo yengqondo kuyilapho beba nomthelela endleleni uhlelo olusetshenziswa ngayo, ngokunikezwa kwelayisensi eyimvume. Le ndlela isekela ifilosofi yesofthiwe yamahhala futhi ngokuvamile ivumela ukwabelana okungakhawulelwe kwesofthiwe.

Ilayisense evumelayo ihlinzeka abasebenzisi ngokuguquguquka okukhulu. Bangasebenzisa uhlelo futhi baze bakhe ikhodi yobunikazi ukuze bayenze ibe uhlelo lomthombo ovaliwe.

Nokho, kusele umbandela owodwa obalulekile: umdali wokuqala noma umbhali wekhodi kufanele anikezwe ikhredithi.

Lawa malayisensi avamise ukuqukatha umshwana wokuzihlangula okhulula umdali wangempela kunoma yisiphi isibopho sokulungiswa okwenziwa abasebenzisi abalandelayo.

Izinjongo ezihlukene nezindlela zokuphoqelela zifakwe ohlwini lwamalayisense amaningi aziwayo avumela mahhala:

Ilayisense ye-Apache 2.0
Ilayisensi ye-MIT
Ilayisensi ye-ISC

I-copyleft eqinile aka ikhawulele

Amalayisense anemikhawulo, kwesinye isikhathi abizwa nge-"copyleft", abalulekile kufilosofi "yokunyakaza kwesoftware yamahhala". Banikeza abasebenzisi bokugcina inkululeko eyisisekelo emine elandelayo: ikhono lokusabalalisa, ukubuka, ukuguqula nokufinyelela ikhodi yomthombo yesofthiwe.

Kodwa ukuze kugcinwe ukuqhubeka kwenkululeko efiswa umbhali, lokhu kusatshalaliswa kunemibandela futhi kudinga ukuthi noma iyiphi inguqulo eguquliwe isatshalaliswe ngaphansi kwelayisensi efanayo neyokuqala.

Amalayisense e-Copyleft awavimbeli ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yezohwebo, ngokungafani nomkhawulo wabo. Kunalokho, umgomo wabo ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yobunikazi. Ukwengeza, ngokungafani namaphrojekthi we-copyleft, ikhodi enelayisensi evunyelwe ayikwazi ukushumeka. Ngakho-ke, ilayisense ye-copyleft ngokuvamile iyinketho enconywayo yabantu abasekela izimiso zokunyakaza kwesofthiwe yamahhala.

Amanye amalayisense e-copyleft aphawuleka kakhulu ahlanganisa

I-GNU General Public License v2.0 (GPL 2.0)
I-GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL)

Ikhophi ebuthakathaka

Amalayisense abuthaka wekhophi yesobunxele avumela ukufakwa kusofthiwe yobunikazi kuyilapho kufakwa ibhalansi ngezimiso zesofthiwe yamahhala. Baqinisekisa ukuthi izici ezibalulekile zesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile zihlala zitholakala futhi zabiwa, kuyilapho zivumela ukulungiswa nokuhlanganiswa kuzixazululo eziyimfihlo ngaphakathi kwemihlahlandlela ethile.

Nawa amanye amalayisense ashiywe kwesokunxele avame ukusetshenziswa:

I-LGPL 3.0 (GNU Lesser General Public v3)
I-Eclipse Public License 1.0 (EPL 1.0)
Ilayisense ye-BSD enezigaba ezi-3
I-Mozilla Public License v2.0 (MPL 2.0)
I-CDDL 1.0 (Ilayisensi Yokuthuthukiswa Okujwayelekile Nokusabalalisa 1.0)

3. Amalayisense Obunikazi

Ilayisensi yobunikazi wuhlobo lwelayisensi yesofthiwe evumela amabhizinisi ukuthi avikele isofthiwe yawo njengempahla yengqondo. Ilayisensi ivikela ubunikazi nokuphathwa kwekhodi yomthombo ngaphakathi kwenkampani edale uhlelo, ngokungafani namalayisense amahhala anikeza inkululeko enkulu.

Abanikazi besofthiwe yobunikazi basebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwe-copyright ukuvimbela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakopishe, balungise, noma basabalalise imikhiqizo yabo. Ngokugcina ukulawula okukhethekile phezu kwekhodi, ukusebenza nokusetshenziswa kohlelo, lokhu kulawula kuqinisekisa amalungelo enkampani.

Uma usebenzisa isofthiwe yobunikazi, abasebenzisi kufanele bathobele imigomo nemibandela yeSivumelwano Selayisense Yomsebenzisi Wokugcina (EULA), inkontileka ephoqelelwa ngokomthetho. Ngokuvamile, akuvunyelwe ukuguqula imigomo yale layisensi yesofthiwe.

Amalayisense obunikazi anikeza amabhizinisi ukulawula okuphelele nokuvikeleka phezu kwesofthiwe yawo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kuhambisana ngokugcwele nemigomo nemibandela eshiwo.

Nawa amanye amalayisense obunikazi asetshenziswa kakhulu ngamabhizinisi:

Ilayisensi yesofthiwe engapheli
Ilayisensi yesofthiwe yokubhalisa
Ilayisense Yomsebenzisi Eqanjwe
Ilayisense yomsebenzisi ngesikhathi esisodwa
Ilayisense yedivayisi
Amalayisense enethiwekhi/antantayo
Ilayisensi esekelwe ekusebenziseni/imitha

Nokho, ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa ilayisense yesofthiwe, kubalulekile ukuba nesitifiketi sokusayina ikhodi. Ikuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise ubunikazi bonjiniyela noma umshicileli. Yazisa umsebenzisi ukuthi isofthiwe noma uhlelo lokusebenza luyiqiniso futhi aluzange lulungiswe kusukela ekusayinwe kwayo kokuqala. Onjiniyela bangaqinisekisa ubuqotho nobuqiniso bezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ngokusebenzisa isitifiketi sokusayina ikhodi esivela ku-CheapSSLSshop ukuze basayine ngedijithali isofthiwe yabo, imibhalo, noma abasebenzisekayo.

Lapho ufaka ikhodi evela kumshicileli ongaziwa, abasebenzisi baxwayiswa ngohlelo lwabo lokuvikela noma isofthiwe yokuvikela amagciwane. Le khodi ibonisa ukuthi isofthiwe ishintshiwe kusukela kunqubo yokusayina noma ukuthi iphuma emthonjeni ononya. Amabhizinisi athembele esitifiketini sokusayina ikhodi eshibhile ukuze avikele izimpahla zawo ezidijithali kubaduni.

Ukuphathwa kwelayisensi yesofthiwe kusiza kanjani ukuvikela izimpahla zedijithali?

Abasebenzisi bangase bahlanganyele ngamabomu ebugebengwini bokuqukethwe ngokuziba izimfuneko zelayisensi zabanikazi bempahla yedijithali noma ngokungaqondi ngokugcwele amalungelo anamathiselwe ezimpahleni zedijithali. Lokhu ngokuvamile kungaholela ekuxhashazweni ngengozi kwala malungelo.

Yingakho kubalulekile ukulawula nokukhawulela ukufinyelela kuwo wonke amasango ezobuchwepheshe avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baphrinte, babelane, balungise futhi balondoloze izimpahla namafayela edijithali avikelwe. Lokhu kungcono kunokwazisa abasebenzisi ngamalungelo empahla yabo yengqondo nemikhawulo.

Ukunikezwa kwelayisensi yesofthiwe yedijithali nobunikazi bokuqukethwe kunika amandla ukulawulwa kwe-granular kokuziphatha komsebenzisi. Bangachaza ukuthi yiziphi izenzo ezivunyelwe futhi zibakhawulele ukuthi bathobelane ne-copyright noma izimfuneko zelayisensi. Nazi izibonelo:

Amasistimu wokulayisensa wesofthiwe angavimba imisebenzi yesithombe-skrini, avikele okuqukethwe okubucayi.
Ukukhipha isiphequluli esingokwemvelo nezici zesistimu ezingasetshenziswa ukukopisha noma ukuthwebula okuqukethwe ngokungekho emthethweni (njengokukhethwa kombhalo nemisebenzi yokukopisha kanye nenketho ethi "Londoloza Njenge" kumenyu yokuchofoza kwesokudla).
Ngohlelo lokuphathwa kwelayisensi yesofthiwe, abanikazi bokuqukethwe bangakhawulela ukufinyelela ezimpahleni zabo zedijithali ngokusekelwe ekhelini le-IP, izwe noma uhlobo lwedivayisi, ngaleyo ndlela bakhawulele izethameli ezingafinyelela imithombo yokuxhumana .
ngokubeka imikhawulo kuma-bots engasetshenziswa ukuskena ngokuzenzakalelayo nokweba izinto ezivela kumawebhusayithi.

Izinqubo ezihamba phambili zokuvikela umsebenzisi kwezimpahla zedijithali

Nazi ezinye zezindlela ezingcono kakhulu umsebenzisi angavikela ngazo izimpahla zakhe zedijithali:

Ukuqonda okuphelele nokuphelele kwezimpahla zedijithali. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amawebhusayithi, ubukhona benkundla yezokuxhumana, idatha yekhasimende, izinqubo zebhizinisi lobunikazi, izithombe, amavidiyo, izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nempahla yobuhlakani.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukusungula ubunikazi nokulinganisa kwalezi zimpahla kusetshenziswa isistimu yokuphatha ilayisensi yesofthiwe.
Lesi isinyathelo esibalulekile lapho kubalulekile ukukhawulela ukufinyelela ezimpahleni zedijithali namasistimu kubantu abagunyaziwe kuphela. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa kanye nokweba.
Sebenzisa izivumelwano zokungadalulwa (ama-NDA) ezisiza ukuvikela izimpahla zedijithali ezinkampanini zangaphandle.
Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa izimpawu zokuthengisa ukuze kungabikho muntu one-copyright yegama lesizinda senkampani. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuthi iwebhusayithi yenkampani ibe nokuxhumana okubethelwe okuvikelekile. Umsebenzisi angavikela iwebhusayithi esebenzisa isitifiketi se-SSL se-premium futhi agcine isizinda sewebhusayithi yenkampani siphephile emehlweni okubuka.
Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi, okuhlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili, ezinikeza ukuvikeleka okuvikelekile kubaduni. Ukwengeza, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa uxhumano oluvikelekile lwe-Wi-Fi.
Yiba nohlelo oluthembekile lokusekelayo olungavikela izimpahla zedijithali zenkampani lapho kudingeka.

Isiphetho

Ukukhetha imodeli yelayisensi yesofthiwe engcono kakhulu kudinga ucwaningo oluningi ohlelweni lwakho lwesikhathi eside. Kufanele ucabangele izidingo zakho, izidingo zezimali nezokuphepha, kanye nendlela ohlela ukuyisebenzisa ngayo isofthiwe. Kodwa umsebenzi awugcini lapho uma usukhethe imodeli yelayisensi.

Kufanele ulandelele isofthiwe ngisho nangemva kokukhishwa kwamalayisensi. Lokhu akuqinisekisi nje kuphela ukuthi uyakhokhelwa isofthiwe, kodwa futhi kuqoqa idatha engakusiza uthuthukise umkhiqizo wakho futhi ushayele ukuthengisa.

Ukuvikela Umhlaba Wakho Wedijithali - Ilayisense Yesoftware kanye Nomhlahlandlela Wokuqalisa

Iyini ilayisensi yesofthiwe?